Learn how to talk about women's rights and how they're applied in a country using the feminine plural form for nouns and adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Becky: Hi everyone, and welcome back to ArabicPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 12 - Talking About Gender Equality in Arabic. Becky Here. |
| Hany: مرحبا I'm Hany. |
| Becky: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to talk about women’s rights and how they're applied in a country using the feminine plural form for nouns and adjectives. The conversation takes place in a cafe. |
| Hany: It's between Eleanor and Sara. |
| Becky: The speakers are friends, so they will use informal Arabic. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| إلينور: هل هناك ناشطات مصريات لحقوق المرأة؟ |
| سارة: بالطبع. أزداد الوعي بحقوق المرأة خصوصاً بعد ثورة يناير و ثورات الربيع العربي. |
| إلينور: هل اشتركت في أي من هذه الحركات النسائية من قبل؟ |
| سارة: في الحقيقة,لا. هل تواجه الفتيات الأستراليات تفرقة في المجتمع الأسترالي؟ |
| إلينور: أظن أن عدم المساواة بين الرجل و المرأة مشكلة عالمية. |
| سارة: أجل. يجب على جميع النساء في العالم أن يتحدن من أجل هذه القضية. |
| إلينور: إذا أتحدنا سوف نجبر حكومات العالم على قبول مطالبنا! |
| Becky: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Eleanor: Are there Egyptian activists who fight for women's rights? |
| Sara: Of course! Women's rights awareness has increased especially since the 2011 Egyptian revolution and the Arab Spring revolutions. |
| Eleanor: Have you ever participated in any of these movements? |
| Sara: Actually, no. Do Australian girls face sexism in the Australian society? |
| Eleanor: I think that gender inequality is a global issue. |
| Sara: Yes. All the women in the world must unite for this cause. |
| Eleanor: If we unite, we will force the governments to accept our demands! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: Women’s rights have been in the spotlight in the Middle East especially since the revolutions of the Arab Spring. |
| Hany: Many Middle Eastern countries have started realizing that women are as capable as men of holding important positions in governments and society in general. |
| Becky: It seems that the notion of women just staying at home to raise children is slowly but surely fading. |
| Hany: Right, the woman as just “housewife” or ربة منزل is fading especially in the more liberal countries like Egypt and Lebanon. |
| Becky: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Becky: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hany: ناشطة [natural native speed] |
| Becky: activist |
| Hany: ناشطة[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: ناشطة [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Hany: بالطبع [natural native speed] |
| Becky: of course |
| Hany: بالطبع[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: بالطبع [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Hany: الوعي [natural native speed] |
| Becky: awareness |
| Hany: الوعي[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: الوعي [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Hany: خصوصاً [natural native speed] |
| Becky: especially |
| Hany: خصوصاً[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: خصوصاً [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Hany: ثورة [natural native speed] |
| Becky: revolution |
| Hany: ثورة[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: ثورة [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Hany: اشترك [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to participate |
| Hany: اشترك[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: اشترك [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Hany: اتحد [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to unite |
| Hany: اتحد[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: اتحد [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Hany: مطلب [natural native speed] |
| Becky: demand |
| Hany: مطلب[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: مطلب [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next we have.. |
| Hany: تفرقة [natural native speed] |
| Becky: discrimination |
| Hany: تفرقة[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: تفرقة [natural native speed] |
| Becky: And last.. |
| Hany: واجه [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to face (discrimination) |
| Hany: واجه[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hany: واجه [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Hany: حقوق المرأة |
| Becky: meaning "women’s rights" |
| Hany: This expression has two words - huquuq meaning "rights", and al-mar'ah meaning "woman". |
| Becky: It's a lot like the English equivalent but the difference is that the word "woman" is in the singular form in Arabic. You use it just like you would its English equivalent. Hany, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hany: Sure. For example, you can say.. تحظى حقوق المرأة باهتمام كبير هذه الأيام. |
| Becky: ..which means "Women's rights have been getting a lot of attention lately." Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Hany: الربيع العربي |
| Becky: meaning "Arab Spring" |
| Hany: This expression has two words: al-rabii" meaning "spring" and al-arabii means "Arab". |
| Becky: This expression was created after the Tunisian Revolution in 2010. The revolutions then extended to Libya, Egypt, and Syria. Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hany: Sure. For example, you can say.. مضى ثلاثة أعوام على ثورات الربيع العربي. |
| Becky: .. which means "3 years have passed since the Arab Spring revolutions." Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Hany: حركات نسائية |
| Becky: meaning "women’s movements” |
| Hany: This expression has two words - harakah meaning "movements", and nisaa'iyyah meaning "woman" in the adjective form. |
| Becky: It's quite a literal translation for its English equivalent, and it's used just like its English equivalent as well. Let’s hear an example. |
| Hany: For example, you can say.. تشجع الأمم المتحدة الحركات النسائية. |
| Becky: .. which means "The United Nations supports women’s movements." |
| Becky: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Becky: In this lesson, you'll learn how to talk about women’s rights and how they're applied in a country using the feminine plural form for nouns and adjectives.. |
| Hany: The feminine plural regular form in Arabic is called جمع مُؤَنَّث سالم |
| Becky: Just like the regular masculine plural form, the feminine plural regular form has its rules, and takes different final vowelling signs than those on singular nouns and adjectives. Let’s start with an example from the dialogue. |
| Hany: هل تواجه الفتيات الأستراليات تفرقة؟ |
| Becky: meaning “Do Australian girls face sexism?” |
| Hany: Here al-fatayaatu meaning “the girls” is the subject of the verb sentence, making it fall in the raf’ state. Al-usturaaliyyaatu is an adjective describing the girls as “Australian”, but of course it is conjugated to the regular plural feminine like the noun it describes, al-fatayaatu. |
| Becky: That leads us to the formula you use to create the first possible plural feminine form. |
| Hany: we add aatu to the end of the adjective. Note that al-usturaliyyaat has the vowelling state raf’ because its position in this sentence is an adjective describing the subject al-fatayaatu so it is conjugated in a similar way. |
| Becky: But since it’s not singular, it will be different to usual and won’t get a dammah final vowelling sign. |
| Hany: Right, the raf’ state affects feminine plural nouns or adjectives differently, by adding اتُ aatu to the end. |
| Becky: Let’s apply that to some singular nouns and adjectives. Let’s consider the adjective meaning “good” in the feminine form. |
| Hany: The singular is الجيد and the plural is الجَيِّداتُ (alǧayyid + aatu) |
| Becky: Now let’s consider the noun meaning “a teacher” |
| Hany: The singular is المعلم and the plural is المُعَلِّماتُ (almuʿallim + aatu) |
| Becky: Let’s hear a sentence now. |
| Hany: اجتمعت المعلمات لحل المشكلة.. (ijtama’at al-mu’allimaatu lihalli al mushkilah.) |
| Becky: “The teachers met to solve the problem.” |
| Hany: Here, the word al-mu’allimaatu ُالمعلمات follows the same form. It is mu’allimah معلمَة + aatu اتُ for regular feminine plurals in the raf’ state, because it is the subject of a verb sentence. |
| Becky: Now let’s see another case, with a different example from the dialogue. |
| Hany: سَوْفَ نُجبِرُ حُكومات العالَم عَلى قُبولِ مَطالِبِنا. ( sawfa nujbiru hukuumaati al-’aalam ‘ala qubuuli mataalibina.) |
| Becky: This means “We will make the governments of the world accept our requests.” |
| Hany: As you can see, this is a new pattern. The word hukuumaati حكوماتِ meaning “governments” was turned into the regular feminine plural form by adding an aati instead of an aatu to its singular form. It is hukuumah حكومة + aati ات for regular feminine plural in the nasb’ state, because it is in the object position, or maf’uul bihi’ position, in the verb sentence. |
| Becky: In lesson 3, we saw the vowelling state of the verb sentence. |
| Hany: we saw that the object is always in a nasb vowelling state... |
| Becky: But since it’s not singular, it will be different to usual. |
| Hany: Right, instead of the fat-ha, it gets an added aati at the end. In other words, if the noun/adjective ISN’T in the raf’ state, the feminine plural suffix changes from aatu into aati. |
| Becky: Let’s see some examples, with the same examples we talked about before. Let’s start with the adjective meaning “good” in the feminine form. |
| Hany: The singular is الجيد and the plural is الجَيِّداتِ (alǧayyid + aat) |
| Becky: Now let’s consider the noun meaning “a teacher” |
| Hany: The singular is المعلم and the plural is المُعَلِّماتِ (almuʿallim + aati) |
| Becky: Let’s see a practical example from the dialogue. |
| Hany: هَل اِشتَرَكتَ في أَيٍّ مِن هَذِهِ الحَرَكات؟ ( hal ishtarakti fi ayyin min hazihi al harakaati?) |
| Becky: “Did you take part in any of these movements?” |
| Hany: Here, the noun al-harakaati الحَرَكات meaning “the movements” follows the same form. It was turned into the regular feminine plural form al-harakah الحركة by adding an aati اتِ instead of aatu to the singular form because it falls under the vowelling state garr, which we will explain later on in this series. |
| Becky: Ok, now let’s switch to a different topic. Let’s see how to express an opinion on an abstract matter or problem. |
| Hany: That’s simple! You can use the verb azunnu أظن meaning “to think” in the first person form followed by anna meaning “that.” For example, in the dialogue Eleanor says أظن أن عدم المساواة بين الرجل و المرأة مشكلة عالمية (ʾaẓunnu ʾanna ʿadam al-musāwāh bayn al-raǧul wa al-marʾah muškilah ) |
| Becky: which means “I think that gender inequality is a global issue.” |
| Hany: Another example is أَظُنُّ أَنَّ أَخي لَن يَأتي اليَوْم. |
| Becky: which means "I think my brother won't come with us today." |
Outro |
| Becky: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Hany: شكرا |
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